https

生成root CA(仅需一次)

自签名证书, IOS 13/macOS 10.15有了新规定, 所以需要按如下方式生成.

# 多个域名都可以用root CA签名
mkdir ~/.ssl; cd ~/.ssl;
openssl genrsa -out rootca.key 2048;
openssl req -new -key rootca.key -out rootca.csr -sha256 -subj "/CN=Dev Root CA"
echo "basicConstraints=CA:true" > rootca.cnf;
openssl x509 -req -in rootca.csr -signkey rootca.key -out rootca.crt -extfile rootca.cnf -sha256 -days 825;
open rootca.crt; # Mac钥匙串 打开(或, 双击文件名)
# 钥匙串: 搜索 Dev Root CA, 双击证书, 设置始终信任 (Trust - When using this certificate: Always Trust).
# for Android:
# openssl x509 -inform PEM -outform DER -in rootca.crt -out rootca.der.crt

创建本地ssl证书(使用lvh.me域名)

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout lvh.me.key -out lvh.me.csr -sha256 -subj "/CN=lvh.me"
cat > domain.cnf <<-EOF
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:false
keyUsage=digitalSignature,keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
subjectAltName=@alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1=lvh.me
DNS.2=*.lvh.me
DNS.3=*.test.lvh.me
EOF
# 使用root CA签名
openssl x509 -req -in lvh.me.csr -out lvh.me.crt -extfile domain.cnf -CA rootca.crt -CAkey rootca.key -CAcreateserial -sha256 -days 825

lvh.me 是一个指向127.0.0.1的泛域名服务, 优点: 不需要改DNS/hosts, 各项目使用不同的域名方便隔离(比如cookies/密码管理器). 类似的还有xip.io, nip.io, localtest.me, fuf.me, vcap.me等.

使用Apache或Nginx 绑定域名

• 使用Apache

  # 1. 编辑 `/etc/apache2/httpd.conf`
  # 注释掉 这些行:
  LoadModule mpm_prefork_module libexec/apache2/mod_mpm_prefork.so
  Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
  # 最下面添加:
  Listen 443
  ServerName localhost
  LoadModule mpm_event_module libexec/apache2/mod_mpm_event.so
  LoadModule proxy_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy.so
  LoadModule proxy_http_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_http.so
  LoadModule macro_module libexec/apache2/mod_macro.so
  LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so
  LoadModule socache_shmcb_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_shmcb.so
  LoadModule http2_module libexec/apache2/mod_http2.so
  Include /Users/leon/.ssl/httpd-vhosts.conf
  
  # 2. 编辑 ~/.ssl/httpd-vhosts.conf, 增加:
  <Macro SSLLvh>
    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /Users/leon/.ssl/lvh.me.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /Users/leon/.ssl/lvh.me.key
    Protocols h2 http/1.1
  </Macro>
  <Macro Test>
    ServerName test.lvh.me
    ProxyRequests off
    <Location />
      ProxyPass http://localhost:3000/
      ProxyPassReverse http://localhost:3000/
    </Location>
  </Macro>
  <VirtualHost *:80>
    Use Test
  </VirtualHost>
  <VirtualHost *:443>
    Use SSLLvh
    Use Test
  </VirtualHost>
  <Macro Demo>
  # ...
  </Macro>
  <VirtualHost *:443>
    Use SSLLvh
    Use Demo
  </VirtualHost>
  
  # 3. 启动Apache
  # sudo apachectl configtest # test
  sudo apachectl -k restart # 启动
  # sudo apachectl -e debug # print errors
  # sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/org.apache.httpd.plist # 开机启动

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相信一些同学注意到了, 本站启用了https, 域名改成了xhl.me, 服务也早就全都改用docker了.
顺带介绍下之前搞的两个个docker项目: alpine-tengine, docker-backup.

*本文主要介绍letsencrypt证书的创建和通配符HTTPS证书生成, 还有基于letsencrypt docker镜像实现证书自动续期.

Let's Encrypt 是一个自动签发免费HTTPS证书的非营利机构, 生成的证书有3个月有效期, 到期可以免费续期.
Certbot 是 Let's Encrypt 官方推荐的生成证书的客户端工具, 文档.

使用dnsrobocert生成证书(支持通配符域名证书), 并自动续期

这个项目, 集成了certbot(证书生成命令行工具), Lexicon(DNS记录修改工具, 主流DNS服务商都支持).
另外还自带了crontab 定时任务, 只要服务启动, 就会自动续期域名了.

1. 创建, /etc/dnsrobocert/config.yml, 内容类似这样:

# https://git.io/JL1cD
draft: false
acme:
  email_account: <youremail>
  staging: false
profiles:
- name: cloudflare
  provider: cloudflare
  provider_options:
    auth_username: <cloudflare_email>
    auth_token: <cloudflare_token>
- name: dnspod
  provider: dnspod
  provider_options:
    auth_username: <dnspod_id>
    auth_token: <dnspod_token>
certificates:
- domains:
  - "*.xhl.me"
  -  xhl.me
  profile: cloudflare
  # autorestart:
  #   - containers:
  #     - nginx
  autocmd: # 自动重启
    - cmd: nginx -s reload
      containers:
      - nginx
# - domains:
#   - "*.test.com"
#   profile: dnspod
#   ...

2. 根据DNS PROVIDER信息验证, 并自动创建和续期证书

docker run -it --rm --name letsencrypt2 \
  -v /etc/dnsrobocert:/etc/dnsrobocert \
  -v /etc/letsencrypt:/etc/letsencrypt \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  adferrand/dnsrobocert

LEXICON_PROVIDER 主流的DNS服务都支持, 比如:

• Cloudflare
• dnspod
• godaddy

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